Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. They are among the most common causes of anal pathology, and subsequently are blamed for virtually any anorectal complaint by patients and medical professionals alike.
About 75 percent of people will have hemorrhoids at some point in their lives. Hemorrhoids are most common among adults ages 45 to 65. Hemorrhoids are also common in pregnant women.
Types
External hemorrhoids: located under the skin around the anus.
Internal hemorrhoids develop in the lower rectum. Symptoms of hemorrhoids
Symptoms
Bright red blood on stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement.
Painful, discomfort and anal itching.
Blood clots may form in external hemorrhoids. Excessive straining, rubbing, or cleaning around the anus may make symptoms, such as itching and irritation, worse.
It must be emphasized that hemorrhoids are not dangerous or life threatening.
Causes of hemorrhoids
chronic constipation or diarrhea
straining during bowel movements
sitting on the toilet for long periods of time
a lack of fiber in the diet
Pregnancy can cause hemorrhoids by increasing pressure in the abdomen, which may enlarge the veins in the lower rectum and anus. For most women, hemorrhoids caused by pregnancy disappear after childbirth.
Diagnoses
Colonoscopy. A flexible, lighted tube called a colonoscope is inserted through the anus, the rectum, and the upper part of the large intestine, called the colon. The colonoscope transmits images of the inside of the rectum and the entire colon.
Sigmoidoscopy. This procedure is similar to colonoscopy, but it uses a shorter tube called a sigmoidoscope and transmits images of the rectum and the sigmoid colon, the lower portion of the colon that empties into the rectum.
Barium enema x ray. A contrast material called barium is inserted into the colon to make the colon more visible in x ray pictures.
Treatment
At-home Treatments
High consumption of fibre rich simple diet
Drinking six to eight 8-ounce glasses of water or other nonalcoholic fluids each day
Sitting in a tub of warm water for 10 minutes several times a day
Regular exercise to prevent constipation
Medical Treatment
Sclerotherapy: injection of a chemical solution into the blood vessel to shrink the hemorrhoid.
Infrared coagulation: using heat to shrink the hemorrhoid tissue.
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